Turbulent Times, Steadfast Values: The Summeralls Through Periods of Change
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Billy Howard
As we near the grand 70th celebration of the Summerall Family Gathering, this column reflects on a particularly profound aspect of their incredible journey: the family’s steadfast values in navigating and enduring through some of the most turbulent periods in American history. From the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and the oppressive Jim Crow era to the challenges of two World Wars and the Great Depression, the Summeralls demonstrated an unwavering commitment to core principles that not only ensured their survival but allowed them to thrive and contribute.
The very foundation of the Summerall family was forged in the crucible of slavery and emancipation. Jack and Mariah’s lives spanned from forced bondage to the dawn of freedom. The tumultuous period of Reconstruction (1865-1877), intended to rebuild the South and integrate formerly enslaved people, quickly gave way to the brutal reality of the Jim Crow era. This system of segregation, disenfranchisement, and racial violence dominated the South for nearly a century. For the Summeralls, living in rural Appling County, this meant facing systemic discrimination in every aspect of life – education, employment, justice, and social mobility. Yet, it was precisely during these times that their values of faith, family unity, and self-reliance shone brightest.
Their immediate response to freedom was not merely survival, but the proactive building of institutions. The establishment of Thankful New Jersey Missionary Baptist Church in 1872, with Jack Summerall as its first clerk, was a direct testament to their resolve. This act of spiritual self-determination provided a sanctuary and a vital community center, demonstrating that even in the face of profound adversity; their faith remained an unshakeable anchor. This church became a place where values were taught, reinforced, and lived out, offering stability amidst the external chaos.
The family’s emphasis on acquiring land and building homes was another powerful statement of steadfastness. In a society that sought to keep Black citizens economically dependent, owning property was a radical act of self-possession and a tangible assertion of their rights. Figures like James Henry Gibbs, husband of Rosa’s daughter Senella, who “owned his own home and had accumulated quite a large amount of property,” illustrate this deep commitment to establishing an economic base against all odds. Another example is Rosa’s 1st cousin, Isabell Sharpe Gordon and daughter to Abbie. She and her children jointly purchased 10 acres of land known as “across the pond” in 1928. And her son, Manning influenced by his mother’s vision and forethought bought over 100 acres of land and gave each of his 13 children 10 acres of land. This provided not just shelter, but a sense of belonging and a foundation for future generations.
The tragedies and responsibilities faced by Rosa Summerall McNeil exemplify the family’s resilience in turbulent personal times. Her taking on the raising of Willie Mae McNeil Ivory, her son Robert McNeil, and her own youngest child, Birdie, after the untimely deaths of their parents and her own daughter, speaks volumes about the unwavering commitment to family care. The Comas Street home, under Rosa’s matriarchal guidance, became a steadfast haven through these personal storms.
Even global conflicts echoed in Baxley. The service of Dave and Levy McNeil in World War I demonstrates their commitment to a nation that often denied them full rights. Their willingness to serve, even under segregation, reflects a deep sense of duty and patriotism, values held even when the times were turbulent. They probably served with if not alongside the son-in-law of Abbie, John Porter, who was the husband of Lulu Porter Williamson.
Summeralls have served and continue to serve in every branch of the military (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and even Coast Guard. They served in WWI, WWII, Korean War, Vietnam, and all the subsequent wars. They served proudly as privates, lieutenants, to majors, colonels and lieutenant colonels. Beatrice, the ‘brain child’ of the Summerall gathering and daughter of Abbie had several sons to serve in WWII: Ondra, Ceasar, and Washington III Stevens. Troy and Rozell Gilmore, sons of Dosha Gilmore, who was the daughter of Isabell Sharpe Gordon and daughter to Abby served in the Korean War.
The Summeralls’ journey through turbulent times is a powerful narrative of unyielding values. Their faith provided comfort and direction, their commitment to family fostered unity and mutual support, and their drive for self-reliance built an economic foundation. These principles, passed down through generations, are not merely historical facts; they are the living legacy that continues to define the Summerall family and inspire the community of Baxley today. I could be wrong but it’s just something to consider.
To pose a question, comment, or share your opinion about this opinion, you can reach B. G. Howard at bg@authorbghoward.com or P. O. Box 8103, Jacksonville, FL 32239.
